Georgia Department of Public Health | OASIS Mapping Tool

Presentation Information

Unless otherwise specified, all numbers and rates pertain to the place of residence (not occurrence).

Maps are used to emphasize the spatial distribution of one or more geographic attributes or variables. This site generates choropleth maps as thematic maps in which the geographies are shaded different colors to represent different magnitudes of a variable.

The map projection is Lambert Conformal Conic.

Confidentiality rule:

Numbers based on 0-4 events are classified as a separate static class when a sub-county level geography (Census Tract or County Commission District) is chosen. This, in addition to offering only non-overlapping 5-year aggregates is done to assure confidentiality.

Not Reportable

At the County level or higher rates (and percents) based on 1-4 events are not reported due to statistical reliability reasons. At sub-county level (Census Tract or County Commission District), rates and percents based on 0-4 are not reported. This assures confidentiality.

Sex-Specific Cancer ER Visit rates

Unless a sex is specifically selected, Breast, Ovarian, Cervical, Uterine, Prostate and Testes cancer will have both males and females in the numerator and denominator. Note that usually (e.g. as reported in the Vital Statistics Report), Breast, Ovarian, Cervical and Uterine have only females in both the numerator and denominator, while Prostate and Testis have only males in both the numerator and denominator. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.

Trendable Maps

Trendable maps are a series of choropleth maps showing change in spatial distribution of data in a selected area over selected period of time. Trendable maps share the same data class breaks which allows easy comparison between each map in the series.

Mapping Units:

County to create a map of a selected geography: counties, Public Health District(s) or Perinatal Region(s); or

Public Health District to create a map of the state by the 18 Public Health Districts; or

Perinatal Region to create a map of the state by the 6 Perinatal Regions; or

County Commission District or Census Tract to create a map of a selected geography: counties, Public Health District(s) or Perinatal Region(s)

Visible Layers:

Census Tracts

Census Tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county or equivalent entity that are updated by local participants prior to each decennial census.

Census tracts generally have a population size between 1,200 and 8,000 people. A census tract usually covers a contiguous area; however, the spatial size of census tracts varies widely depending on the density of settlement. Census tract boundaries are delineated with the intention of being maintained over a long time so that statistical comparisons can be made from census to census. Census tracts occasionally are split due to population growth or merged as a result of substantial population decline.

Census tract boundaries generally follow visible and identifiable features. They may follow nonvisible legal boundaries, such as minor civil division (MCD) or incorporated place boundaries in some states and situations, to allow for census-tract-to-governmental-unit relationships where the governmental boundaries tend to remain unchanged between censuses. State and county boundaries always are census tract boundaries in the standard census geographic hierarchy. Reference Source: U.S. Commerce Department, United States Census Bureau, accessed July 2011

Cities/Towns

A mix of both incorporated places (legal entities) and census designated places or CDPs (statistical entities). An incorporated place is established to provide governmental functions for a concentration of people. Places always nest within a state, but may extend across county and county subdivision boundaries. An incorporated place usually is a city, town, village, or borough, but can have other legal descriptions. CDPs are delineated to provide data for settled concentrations of population that are identifiable by name, but are not legally incorporated under the laws of the state in which they are located. Each dot represents the centroid of the geographical area of the city/town. Click on the dot to get the city or town name. Reference Source: U.S. Census, January 1, 2013

County Commission Districts

For more information, see http://www.accg.org/.The districts are current as of 2008, and were compiled by Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP) staff in the Georgia Department of Public Health. History and role: In 1868 the state began creating the position of county commissioner to administer the general operations of the county. Today every county has a commissioner; many have a board of commissioners (BOC). As part of general county operations, the BOC must finance county programs. A BOC has the power to adopt ordinances, resolutions, or regulations relating to county property, county affairs, and the operation of local government (http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-589 ).

GA House Districts

Electoral districts from which State Representatives are elected. The Georgia Constitution requires not less than 180 Representatives apportioned by population from representative districts. Layer Source: Georgia Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Office, 2012.

Senate Districts

Electoral districts from which State Senators are elected. The Georgia Constitution limits the number to not more than 56 single member districts. Senate districts are apportioned based on population. Layer Source: Georgia Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Office, 2012.

Hospitals

Hospitals are the non-Federal acute-care inpatient medical facilities in Georgia. Click on the symbol to get the name. Reference Source: Georgia Hospital Assoociation, 2012

Interstates

Interstates are the freeways that are part of the Interstate Highway System in Georgia. The Interstate Highway System connects major cities within the United States. Click on the line to get the Interstate number. Layer Source: Esri, March 1, 2012

Major Roads

Major roads are a combination of both federal and state highways connecting cities and towns. Click on the line to get the route number. Layer Source: Esri, March 1, 2012

Perinatal Regions

The Perinatal Regions were established by the Department of Public Health in cooperation with the six teaching hospitals located in Atlanta, Albany, Augusta, Columbus, Macon and Savannah. The Regions reflect the hospital referral patterns for high risk pregnant women and newborns Each of the six hospitals has a Regional Perinatal Center which has contracts with the state and receives funding to care for high risk pregnant women and infants as well as to train staff from other hospitals in perinatal care especially for high risk patients. Reference Source: Georgia Department of Public Health, March 2005

ZIP Code

Established by the U.S. Postal Service for distribution of mail. Zip codes do not generally respect political boundaries or census areas such as tracts. Zip codes usually do not have clearly identifiable boundaries, often serve a continually changing area, are changed periodically to meet postal requirements, and do not cover all land area in the U.S. Layer Source: Esri, June 1, 2013

Base Layers:

Base layers are background information to provide contextual references for local-level maps. They are especially suited for tract-level maps and give real-world reference to maps you create in OASIS. There are three toggle-able (on/off) base layers:

Demographic Clusters

Demographic Clusters refer to the socioeconomic status classifications created by OHIP, and are at the census block-group level. More information here: https://oasis.state.ga.us/gis/demographiccluster/DemoClusters2011.htm

Aerial Photography

Aerial Photography refers to ESRI's World Imagery.

Street Map

Street Map refers to ESRI's World Street Map with street-level data for North America.

Currently these Base Layers are not available when you Save/Print map.

Data Classification Methods:

Natural Breaks (Jenks)

This method minimizes within-class variance and maximizes between-class variance in an iterative series of calculations. This method seeks to partition data into classes based on natural groups in the data distribution. Natural breaks occur in the histogram at the low points of valleys. Breaks are assigned in the order of the size of the valleys, with the largest valley being assigned the first natural break.

George F. Jenks is considered a pioneer in GIS educational programs. Through an award from the Fund for Advancement of Science, Jenks identified four key objectives for cartographic training. Robert McMaster and Susanna McMaster; A History of Twentieth-Century American Academic Cartography

Source: Brewer and Pickle. Evaluation of Methods for Classifying Epidemiological Data on Choropleth Maps in a Series. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(4), 2002, pp. 662-681.

Quantiles

Data values for each enumeration unit (e.g. county or census tract) are ranked from lowest to highest.
The total number of values is divided by the number of classes specified by the user to determine how many values each class will contain. The object is to obtain a roughly equal number of data values within each class. For example, if you have 100 census tracts and the tract data values are to be classed into 5 classes, each class will have 20 values (100/5 = 20).
In some cases, an equal number of values will not be placed into each class. For instance, if there are an odd number of enumeration units some classes will have a larger number of data values than others. If data values for the 159 counties of Georgia are divided into 4 classes, then some classes might have 39 data values while others have 40. In addition, identical data values are maintained within the same classes. Continuing the Georgia county example, if 45 of the lowest data values are 0, then the lowest class will have 45 data values all with a value of 0.

The quantiles method of classification is provided because:

Quantiles classification is one of the simplest methods of classification and is easy to understand and interpret.
Classes are usually centered on the median, a measure of central tendency, and "they group enumeration units above and below the median into classes with equal frequencies regardless of their values." This makes maps easier to compare with one another.
Many health-related measures are distributed normally (i.e. a large number of values falling near the middle of the data range with a smaller number of values on the low and high ends of the data range) making quantiles classification a logical classification method.

Source: Brewer and Pickle. Evaluation of Methods for Classifying Epidemiological Data on Choropleth Maps in a Series. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(4), 2002, pp. 662-681.

Definitions:

Age

Ages are presented by Detailed Age Groups, Lifestages and Single Year of Age which is created by the Department of Public Health, OHIP. Also, note that selecting "all ages" will supercede any start and end age selection. Uncheck "all ages" to make an age-specific selection.

Age-Adjusted Rates

A weighted average of the age-specific emergency room visit rates, where the weights are the proportions of persons in the corresponding age groups of a standard population. The calculation of an Age-Adjusted Rate uses the year 2000 U.S. standard million. Benefit: Controls for differences in age structure so that observed differences in rates across areas such as counties are not due solely to differences in the proportion of people in different age groups in different areas. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.

Cause of Emergency Room Visit

Causes are based on the principal diagnosis, except where the principal diagnosis is an injury code. All discharges/ER visits having ICD-9-CM external causes (injuries) are assigned their appropriate External Cause of Injury Code (E-Code) in accordance with STIPDA (State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors Association) 2003 guidelines. The standards can be found at: http://www.safestates.org/.

Similarly, all hospital discharges/ER visits having ICD-10-CM causes are based on the principal diagnosis, except where the principal diagnosis is an Injury code. If so, the Discharge/ER visit is assigned the appropriate External Cause of Injury in accordance with Safe States guidelines.

Data Classes

Also referred to as "class breaks" or groupings of data.

Deduplicated ER Visits

The number of ER patients discharged live from non-Federal acute-care inpatient facilities (Hospitals) for illness. Only ER visits of Georgia residents who were seen in a Georgia facility are included. Persons are counted only once if readmitted for the same chronic condition during a calendar year. Deduplicated ER visits also exclude people discharged dead, healthy newborn infants, and healthy mothers giving birth to newborn infants. Since the number and rate are derived only from ER visits, they do not include all existing cases (prevalence) or new cases (incidence) among residents of Georgia.

ER Visits

The number of emergency room visits to non-Federal acute care inpatient facilities. Only discharges of Georgia residents who were seen in a Georgia facility are included. Persons can be counted more than once if readmitted. Visits include people both living and who have died, but not those admitted as an inpatient to a hospital.

ER Visit Rate

Formula = [Number of ER Visits / Population] * 100,000. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.

International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)

A statistical classification system, in use since 1979, that arranges diseases and injuries into groups according to established criteria. It is used to improve comparability of cause of death statistics reported by different governmental entities. Most ICD-9-CM codes are numeric and consist of three, four or five numbers and a description. The codes are revised approximately every 10 years by the World Health Organization and annual updates are published by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), now the Center for Medicare, Medicaid Services.

International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) vs. ICD10

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), the Federal agency responsible for use of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) in the United States, has developed a clinical modification (CM) of the classification for morbidity (hospital and ER data) purposes. The ICD-10 is used to code and classify mortality data from death certificates, having replaced ICD-9 for this purpose as of January 1, 1999. ICD-10-CM is the replacement for ICD-9-CM, effective October 1, 2015 in discharge and ER data.

The ICD-10 is copyrighted by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO has authorized the development of an adaptation of ICD-10 for use in the United States (ICD-10-CM). All modifications to the ICD-10 must conform to WHO conventions for the ICD. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm.htm

Lifestages

An age year grouping methodology based upon predictable mortality. Georgia uses the following Lifestages: <1 Infancy, 1-4 Early Childhood, 5-12 Later Childhood, 13-19 Adolescence, 20-29 Early Adulthood, 30-44 Young Adulthood, 45-59 Middle Adulthood, 60-74 Late Adulthood, and 75+ Older Adulthood. The highest value for age is 120 years.

Payor

Payor is the primary entity responsible for payment of services. Values for Payor include:

Medicaid, based on Title XIX of the Social Security Act, is a Federal-State matching entitlement program that pays for medical assistance for certain vulnerable and needy individuals and families with low incomes and resources;
PeachCare for Kids (Georgia's State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)) is a program that provides comprehensive health care insurance for children through the age of 18 who do not qualify for Medicaid and live in households with incomes at or below the federal poverty level;
Medicare is a health insurance program for people age 65 or older, some disabled people under age 65, and people of all ages with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure treated with dialysis or a transplant);
Private Insurance includes Blue Cross / Blue Shield, HMO/Managed Care, Commercial Insurance, Other non-specified Managed Care, PPO (Preferred Provider Organization), POS (Point of Service Provider),State Health Benefit Plan (SHBP); and
Self Pay includes patients with no proof of insurance, patients filing their own insurance claims, patients paying their own bills, Hill-Burton cases, charity cases, etc.; and
Other (All other plans) and Unknown Payor.

Percent of ER Visits by Cause

The percent of Emergency Room Visits or deduplicated Emergency Room Visits from a selected cause(s) in selected geography(ies) is of all Emergency Room Visits or deduplicated Emergency Room Visits in the selected geography(ies). If a cause is not selected the user will be prompted to select a cause.

Formula = [Number of ER Visits from Cause / Total number of ER Visits] * 100. Example of what this can tell you: "Of all ER Visits, paid for by Medicaid, what percentage are from diabetes?"

Race

Per the Federal Office of Management and Budget, Directive 15 (1997),

White is a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East or North Africa;
Black or African-American is a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa;
Asian is a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand and Vietnam;
American Indian/Alaska Native is a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment;
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander is a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands;
Multiracial is a person declaring 2 or more of these races.

Standard Emergency Room Visit Ratio / Standard Emergency Room Deduplicated Visit Ratio

A statistical calibrator of confidence level in the ER visit (or deduplicated ER visit) rates of populations. It is indicative whether a ER visit (or deduplicated ER visit) rate is within the "normal" range of estimated values or significantly higher/lower than such estimates. ER visit (or deduplicated ER visit) rates are compared to those for Georgia as a whole. State rates are the standard against which local rates are compared, in order to forecast the number of likely ER visits (or deduplicated ER visits), if a local area were to experience ER visits (or deduplicated visits) the same as the State. It is a statistic indicating significance at the 95% confidence level. Note that a standardized ratio is not shown for the state as a whole - an N/A will be shown instead. For counties, N/A means Not Applicable due to zero events.

Result of 95% statistical significance test of rates. Higher: Significantly higher rate than expected based on the State rate. Expected: No significant difference as compared to the State. Lower: Significantly lower rate as compared with the State. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.

OASIS CAUSE LEVELS

Layman Term	ICD10 (ICD9) codes. ICD-10-CM*	International Classification of Diseases Term	Description
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases	A00-B99 (001-139.8)	Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases	Includes the most common of the infectious and parasitic diseases.
Blood Poisoning (Septicemia)	A40-A41 (038)	Septicemia	A systematic disease caused by pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the bloodstream.
HIV/AIDS	B20.0-B24 (042-044)	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	HIV is a retro-virus, formerly known as HTLV-III, that causes the disease of the immune system known as AIDS.
TB	A16-A19 (010-018). ICD10CM includes A15	Tuberculosis	A communicable disease of humans and animals caused by the microorganism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and manifesting itself in lesions of the lung, bone, and other body parts.
Meningitis	A39 (036)	Meningococcal infection	Inflammation of any or all of the membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by a bacterial infection.
Cancers	C00-C97 (140-208)	Malignant Neoplasms	The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which have mutated from normal tissues. Cancer can kill when these cells prevent normal function of affected vital organs or spread throughout the body to damage other key systems.
Oral Cancer	C00-C14.8 (140-149)	Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx	Involves abnormal, malignant tissue growth in the mouth.
Throat Cancer	C15 (150)	Malignant neoplasm of esophagus	Involves a malignant tumor of the esophagus (the muscular tube that propels food from the mouth to the stomach).
Stomach Cancer	C16 (151)	Malignant neoplasm of stomach	Involves a malignant tumor of the stomach.
Colon Cancer	C18-C21 (153-154)	Malignant neoplasms of colon, rectum and anus	Colon and rectum cancers arise from the lining of the large intestine.
Liver Cancer	C22 (155)	Malignant neoplasms of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts	Involves a malignant tumor of the liver.
Pancreatic Cancer	C25 (157)	Malignant neoplasm of pancreas	Involves a malignant tumor of the pancreas.
Lung Cancer	C33-C34 (162)	Malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung	Involves a malignant tumor of the lungs.
Skin Cancer	C43 (172)	Malignant melanoma of the skin	Involves malignant skin tumors involving cancerous changes in skin cells.
Breast Cancer	C50 (174-175)	Malignant neoplasm of the breast	Involves a malignant growth that begins in the tissues of the breast.
Cervical Cancer	C53 (180)	Malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri	Involves a malignant growth of the uterine cervix, the portion of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina.
Uterine Cancer	C54-C55 (179, 182)	Malignant neoplasms of corpus uteri and uterus, part unspecified	Involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus).
Ovarian Cancer	C56 (183.0)	Malignant neoplasm of ovary	Involves a malignant neoplasm (abnormal growth) located on the ovaries.
Prostate Cancer	C61 (185)	Malignant neoplasm of prostate	Involves a malignant tumor growth within the prostate gland.
Testicular Cancer	C62 (186)	Malignant neoplasm of testis	Involves an abnormal, rapid, and invasive growth of cancerous (malignant) cells in the testicles (male sex glands adjacent to the penis).
Bladder Cancer	C67 (188)	Malignant neoplasm of bladder	Involves a malignant tumor growth within the bladder. Bladder cancers usually arise from the transitional cells of the bladder (the cells lining the bladder).
Kidney Cancer	C64-C65 (189.0-189.1)	Malignant neoplasms of kidney and renal pelvis	Involves the growth of cancerous cells in the kidney and its subdivisions or calyces that empties urine into the ureter, which leads to the bladder.
Brain Cancer	C70-C72 (191-192)	Malignant neoplasms of meninges, brain and other parts of central nervous system	Involves a mass created by growth of abnormal cells in the brain.
Lymph Cancer (Hodgkin's Disease)	C81 (201)	Hodgkin's Disease	A sometimes fatal cancer marked by enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
Leukemia	C91-C95 (204-208)	Leukemia	Any of various neoplastic diseases of the bone marrow involving uncontrolled proliferation of the white or colorless nucleated cells present in the blood, usually accompanied by anemia and enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Blood Diseases (Anemias)	D50-D64 (280-285)	Anemias	A deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material of the blood, measured in unit volume concentrations of hemoglobin, red blood cell volume, and red blood cell number.
Sickle Cell Anemia	D57.0 - D57.3, D57.8, D58.2 (282.5-282.6)	Sickle Cell Trait and Disease	A hereditary anemia marked by the presence of oxygen-deficient sickle cells, episodic pain, and leg ulcers.
Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases	E00-E90	Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases	A series of diseases or conditions related to various endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders.
Diabetes	E10-E14 (250)	Diabetes mellitus	A life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a chemical produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both.
Mental & Behavioral Disorders	F00.0 - F99 (290-319)	Mental and Behavioral Disorders	Any of a series of mental and Behavioral disorders, which may be developmental or brought on by external factors.
Disorders Related to Drug Use	F10.0 - F19.9 (291-293.9)	Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use	Disorders Related to Drug Use are the misuse or overuse of any medication or drug, including alcohol and tobacco.
Nervous System Diseases	G00.0 - G99.8 (320-359)	Diseases of the Nervous System	Includes diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including degenerative conditions of the nervous systems.
Alzheimer's Disease	G30 (331.0)	Alzheimer's disease	A severe neurological disorder marked by progressive dementia and cerebral cortical atrophy.
Parkinson's Disease	G20-G21 (332)	Parkinson's disease	A progressive neurological disease, characterized by muscular tremor, slowing of movement, partial facial paralysis, peculiarity of gait and posture, and weakness.
Major Cardiovascular Diseases	I00-I78 (390-434, 436-448)	Major Cardiovascular Diseases	Diseases related to the major parts of the circulatory system.
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)	I10, I12 (401, 403)	Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease	A disorder characterized by high blood pressure; generally this includes systolic blood pressure consistently higher than 140, or diastolic blood pressure consistently over 90.
Rheumatic Fever & Heart Diseases	I00-I09 (390-398)	Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart diseases	A severe infectious disease occurring chiefly in children, marked by fever and painful inflammation of the joints and often resulting in permanent damage to the heart valves.
Hypertensive Heart Disease	I11 (402)	Hypertensive heart disease	A late complication of hypertension (high blood pressure) that affects the heart.
Obstructive Heart Diseases (Ischemic Heart Diseases, includes Heart Attack)	I20-I25 (410-414, 429.2)	Ischemic heart disease (incl. heart attack)	Patients with this condition have weakened heart pumps, either due to previous heart attacks or due to current blockages of the coronary arteries. There may be a build-up of cholesterol and other substances, called plaque, in the arteries that bring oxygen to heart muscle tissue.
Stroke	I60-I69 (430-434, 436-438)	Cerebrovascular Disease	The sudden severe onset of the loss of muscular control with diminution or loss of sensation and consciousness, caused by rupture or blocking of a cerebral blood vessel.
Hardening of the Arteries	I70 (440)	Atherosclerosis	A disease characterized by thickening and hardening of artery walls, which may narrow the arteries and eventually restricts blood flow.
Aortic Aneurysm & Dissection	I71 (441)	Aortic aneurysm and dissection	This is a condition in which there is bleeding into and along the wall of (dissection), or the abnormal widening or ballooning of (aneurysm), the aorta (the major artery from the heart).
Respiratory Diseases	J00 - J99.8 (460-519)	Diseases of the Respiratory System	Diseases related to the process or organs involved in breathing.
Flu	J09-J11 (487)	Influenza	An acute infectious viral disease marked by inflammation of the respiratory tract, fever, muscular pain, and irritation of the bowels.
Pneumonia	J12-J18 (480-486)	Pneumonia	An acute or chronic disease caused by viruses, bacteria, or physical and chemical agents and characterized by inflammation of the lungs.
Bronchitis	J40-J42 (490-491). ICD10CM includes J44 if secondary = bronchitis	Bronchitis and Chronic Unspecified	Chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes.
Emphysema	J43 (492)	Emphysema	A pulmonary condition characterized by dilation of the air vesicles in the lungs following atrophy of the septa, resulting in labored breathing and greater susceptibility to infection.
Asthma	J45-J46 (493). ICD10CM includes J44 if secondary = asthma	Asthma	A chronic respiratory disease, often arising from allergies and accompanied by labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing.
All other Chronic lower respiratory diseases	J44-J44.99, J47-J47.99 (494-494.99, 496-496.99). ICD10CM excludes J44	All other Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Digestive System Diseases	K00.0 - K93.8 (520-579)	Diseases of Digestive System	Includes diseases associated with the organs necessary for the digestion of food.
Alcoholic Liver Disease	K70 (571.0-571.3)	Alcoholic liver disease	Involves an acute or chronic inflammation of the liver induced by alcohol abuse
All other chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	K73-K74.99 (571.4-571.99)	All other chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
Reproductive and Urinary System Diseases	N00-N99	Diseases of the Genitourinary System	Diseases relating to the organs of reproduction and urination.
Kidney Diseases	N00-N07, N17-N19, N25-N27 (580-589)	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	Any disease or disorder that affects the function of the kidneys.
Kidney Infections	N10-N12, N13.6, N15.1 (590)	Infections of Kidney	These are infections of the kidney and the ducts that carry urine away from the kidney (ureters).
Bone and Muscle Diseases	M00-M99 (710-739)	Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue	Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue.
Pregnancy and Childbirthing Complications	O00.0 - O99.8 (630-676)	Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium	Complications to the mother associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the time period surrounding these events.
Fetal & Infant Conditions	P00.0 - P96.9 (760-771.2, 771.4-779)	Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period	Conditions to the fetus/child associated with the period of time near birth.
Prematurity	P07 (765)	Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified	Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified.
Lack of Oxygen to the Fetus	P20 - P21 (768)	Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia	Any condition during pregnancy or childbirth where the oxygen is cut off to the fetus.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome	P22 (769)	Respiratory distress of newborn	Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is a lung disorder that primarily affects premature infants and causes increasing difficulty in breathing.
Birth-related Infections	P35 - P39 (771.0-771.2, 771.4-771.8)	Infections specific to the perinatal period	Infections specific to the period of time near birth.
Birth Defects	Q00.0 - Q99.9 (740-759)	Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities	A physiological or structural abnormality that develops at or before birth and is present at birth, especially as a result of faulty development, infection, heredity, or injury.
Neural Tube Defects	Q00-Q07 (740-742)	Congenital malformations of the nervous system	A defect occurring early in fetal development that damages the primitive tissue which will become the brain and spinal cord.
SIDS	R95 (798.0)	SIDS	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of any infant or child under one year old in which an autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death.
External Causes	V01-Y97 (E800-E999)	External Causes of Morbidity	All causes that affect the human body that originate from an external source.
Motor Vehicle Crashes	V02-V04, V09.0, V09.2, V12-V14, V19.0-V19.2, V19.4-V19.6, V20-V79, V80.3-V80.5, V81.0-V81.1, V82.0-V82.1, V83-V86, V87.0-V87.8, V88.0-V88.8, V89.0, V89.2 (E810-E825)	Motor vehicle accidents	Consists of all accidents in which any motorized vehicle (car, truck, motorcycle, etc. ) was involved, including ones involving motor vehicles injuring pedestrians or bicyclists.
Falls	W00-W19 (E880-E888)	Falls	All accidental injuries caused by an individual losing their balance.
Accidental Shooting	W32-W34 (E922)	Accidental discharge of firearms	Injury as a result of the accidental discharge of a firearm.
Drowning	W65-W74 (E910)	Accidental drowning and submersion	Drowning from being submerged in water or other fluid.
Fire & Smoke Exposure	X00-X09 (E890-E899)	Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and flames	Accidental exposure to smoke, fire and flames.
Poisoning	X40-X49 (E850-E869, E924.1)	Accidental poisoning and exposure to noxious substances	The act of ingesting or coming into contact with a harmful substance that may cause, injury, illness, or death.
Suffocation	W75-W84 (E911-E913)	Suffocation	Suffocation from items in bed, inhalation of gastric contents, food, airtight space, or plastic bag.
All Other Unintentional Injury	V01,V05-V08, V09.1, V09.3-V11, V15-V18, V19.3, V19.7-V19.9, V80.0-V80.2, V80.6-V80.9, V81.2-V81.9, V82.2-V82.9, V87.9, V88.9, V89.1, V89.3-V99, W20-W31, W35-W64, W85-99, X10-X39, X50-X59, Y85-Y86 (E800-E809, E826-E849, E900-E909, E914-E921, E923-E924.0, E924.2-E929)	All Other Unintentional Injury	Add to motor vehicle crashes, falls, accidental shooting, drowning, fire & smoke exposure, poisoning, and suffocation to obtain all unintentional injury.
Suicide	X60-X84, Y87.0 (E950-E959)	Intentional self-harm (suicide)	The act or intention of intentionally killing oneself.
Homicide	X85-Y09, Y87.1 (E960-E969)	Assault (homicide)	The killing of one person by another.
Legal Intervention	Y35, Y89.0 (E970-E978)	Legal intervention	The act of an individual being harmed as a result of official legally approved intervention, such as being harmed by law enforcement during the commission of a crime, or being put to death. Does not include harm caused through an act of war.

* The transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM caused the data for certain categories to require additional processing, or appear to be out of trend. External Causes: OASIS implements the recommendations of Guidance for Analysis and Reporting of Injuries by Mechanism and Intent, December 2016, published by Safe States’ Injury Surveillance Workgroup 9 to properly assign the underlying cause for records with an injury as principal diagnosis. Causes include Unintentional Injury (Motor Vehicle Crash, Falls, Accidental Shooting, Drowning, Fire & Smoke Exposure, Poisoning, Suffocation, All Other Unintentional Injury), Suicide, Homicide and Legal Intervention. http://www.safestates.org/. Chronic Bronchitis/Asthma: Principal diagnosis of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified [J44], when secondary diagnoses include asthma or bronchitis are included. Doing so brings the count of events into trend. Tuberculosis: Principal diagnosis of Respiratory tuberculosis, bacteriologically and histologically confirmed [A15], is included, bringing the count of events into trend. Hypertensive Heart Disease: Despite the increase in this category [principal diagnosis I11], events were properly coded in accordance with accepted guidelines. http://www.aafp.org/fpm/2014/0300/p5.html, “How to Document and Code for Hypertensive Diseases in ICD-10”. HIV/AIDS: Coding guidelines did not change between ICD-9 and ICD-10, in accordance with https://www.codeitrightonline.com/ciri/hiv-in-icd-10-same-rules-different-codes.html. However, while there is a drop in the number of events where AIDS is coded in the principal diagnosis, there is an increase in events where AIDS is coded as a secondary diagnosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease: There is shift in diagnoses from Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease [K74] to Alcoholic Liver Disease [K70]. This may be due to an improvement in testing or diagnostic procedures due to the shift in coding systems. Disorders Related to Drug Use: Some diagnoses such as Alcohol/Drug dependence and Non-dependent abuse of drugs, which were not included under this category in ICD9 [303–305], are included for ICD10. This shift in categorization, together with the increase in the number of cases, accounts for the significant increase under this category.

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