Maternal & Child Health Definitions

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Unless otherwise specified, all numbers and rates pertain to place of residence (not occurrence).

Measures:

Birth Rate
The number of live births occurring to females in an age group per 1,000 females in the same age group. Formula = [Number of Live Births in an age group / Female population in same age group] * 1,000. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.
Births to Females with < 12th Grade Education & Percent
The number of live births to females with < 12th grade education, per 100 total live births. Formula = [Number of live births to females with < 12th grade education / Number of live births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Births to Unmarried Females & Percent
The number of live births to females who are not legally married at the time of conception and did not marry during the time between conception and delivery, per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of live births to unmarried females / Number of live births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Births with Less Than 2 year Birth Interval
Women who delivered a live birth, where the time between the current live birth and previous live birth was less than 2 years. First and unknown birth order births are excluded from the denominator. Multiple births are treated as 1 birth.
Formula - [Number of women who delivered a live birth with less than 2 year birth interval / Number of women who experienced a previous live birth (repeat births)] * 100
Birthweight
Infant's weight recorded at the time of birth.
Fetal Deaths
Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of human conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy; the death is indicated by the fact that after such expulsion or extraction the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.
In Oasis the number shown is of fetal deaths 20 weeks or higher gestation.
Fetal Mortality Rate
Formula = Number of fetal deaths (at or greater than 20 weeks gestation) / [Number of fetal deaths (at or greater than 20 weeks gestation) + Number of live births] * 1,000.
First Births & Percent First Births
The number of births that are the first birth to the women.
Formula = [Number of first births]/[Number of live births]*100
First Pregnancies & Percent
The number of first pregnancies per 100 pregnancies. Formula = [Number of 1st pregnancies / Number of pregnancies] * 100
General Fertility Rate (GFR)
The number of live births that occur per 1,000 females ages 15-44 years of age. Formula = [Number of live births / Female population 15-44 years of age] * 1,000. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.
General Pregnancy Rate
The number of pregnancies that occur to women of all ages per 1,000 females ages 15-44 years of age. Formula = [Number of pregnancies / Female population 15-44 years of age] * 1,000. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.
Inadequate Kotelchuck Index & Percent
The Kotelchuck measure is an index of adequacy of prenatal care based upon month of entry, number of prenatal visits and gestational age of infant at birth. It uses American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists standards for number of visits. The number of births by the "inadequate" value from the Kotelchuck Index, per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of Live Births with Inadequate Kotelchuck Value / Number of Live Births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Infancy
The period from birth through the 364th day of life.
Induced Termination of Pregnancy (ITOP)
The purposeful interruption of pregnancy with the intention other than to: 1) produce a live-born infant; or 2) to remove a dead fetus. An induced termination of pregnancy does not result in a live birth.
Induced Termination of Pregnancy (ITOP) Rate
The number of induced terminations of pregnancy that occur per 1,000 females per specified age group. All ages includes ages 10-55. Formula = [Number of induced terminations of pregnancy in age group / Female population in age group] * 1,000. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.
Late or No Prenatal Care Births & Percent
Births where the mother received prenatal care after the 2nd trimester, or not at all.
Formula = [Number of live births where the mother received prenatal care after 2nd trimester, or not at all / Number of live births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator.
Less Than 5 Prenatal Care Visit Births & Percent
The number of births where mother had less than 5 prenatal care visits, per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of live births with less than 5 prenatal care visits / Number of live births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Live Birth
The complete expulsion or extraction of a product of conception from its mother, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached.
Low Birthweight Births & Percent
Live births of a birthweight less than 2500 grams (5lbs. 8oz.) per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of live births under 2,500 grams / Number of live births] * 100. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Maternal Mortality
also known as Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (Pregnancy and Childbirthing Complications). These are complications to the mother associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the time period surrounding these events. ICD10 codes O00.0 - O99.8 (ICD9 (630-676)). Formula = [The number of maternal mortalities / The total number of births] * 100,000.
Percent Births Within Area - Proportional Ratio (PR) Show me
The percent of births a selected age group is of all ages in a cluster, county or district.
[The number of births in a cluster, county, or district for a selected age group / The number of births in a cluster, county, or district for all age groups] *100.
Percent Births Within State - State Proportional Ratio
The percent of births a cluster, county or district contributes to Georgia births.
Formula = [The number of births in a cluster, county, or district / The number of births in Georgia] *100.
Percent of Births
The percent of Georgia resident births in a cluster, county or district among all births in Georgia.
Percent of Births to Women who reported drinking Alcohol during Pregnancy
The number of births to women who reported drinking alcohol during pregnancy per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of Births to Women who reported Drinking Alcohol during Pregnancy / Total Number of Live Births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator.
Percent of Births to Women who reported using Tobacco during Pregnancy
The number of births to women who reported using Tobacco during pregnancy per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of Births to Women who reported using Tobacco during Pregnancy / Total Number of Live Births] * 100. Records with unknown values for this selected measure are excluded from the numerator and denominator.
Percent of Population
The percent of Georgia's female population represented by the cluster, county, or district
Pregnancy
A pregnancy is a human conception that results in a live birth, fetal death or an induced termination of pregnancy. The total number of conceptions that result in one or more live births, fetal deaths (of all gestational ages), or induced terminations of pregnancy are used to sum the total number of pregnancies. Therefore, Ectopic and Molar pregnancies are not included, and conceptions that result in multiple births (twins, triplets, etc.) are counted as one pregnancy.
Pregnancy Rate
The number of pregnancies occurring to females in a specified age group per 1,000 females in the specified age group. Formula = [Number of pregnancies in age group / Female population in age group] * 1000. Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are unable to be calculated when the selected population is Unknown.
Premature Live Births & Percent
This measures uses gestational age (The gestational age of a fetus is the elapsed time since the first day of the last normal menstrual period. Gestational age is expressed in completed weeks.) The number of live births with a gestational age less than 37 weeks, per 100 live births. Formula = [Number of live births with gestational age less than 37 weeks / Number of live births] * 100. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
Repeat Births & Percent Repeat Births
The number of births to women who previously had at least one birth.
Formula = [Number of repeat births]/[Number of births]*100
Repeat Pregnancies & Percent
The number of pregnancies that are not first pregnancies per 100 pregnancies. For example, repeat pregnancy can be presented for females aged 10-19 and age groups between 10-19 (10-17, 10-14, 15-17, 18-19).
Formula = [Number of repeat pregnancies in age group / pregnancies in age group] * 100.
Very Low Birthweight Births & Percent
Live births with a birthweight less than 1,500 grams (3lbs. 5oz.) / Number live births] * 100. If a race, age, sex or ethnicity is chosen, both the numerator and denominator are filtered by that selection.
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Demography:

Mother's Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino includes persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Non-Hispanic + Hispanic may not equal the total number of events due to persons of unknown ethnicity.
Mother's Race
Per the Federal Office of Management and Budget, Directive 15 (1997),

Despite this, the U.S. Census was allowed to capture "some other" race in addition to the Federal specifications above in the Census years of 2000 and 2010. As "some other" race does not translate to the OMB specifications above, you will find roughly 2% of the state population as Unknown race in 2000, and ~4% of the state population Unknown race in 2010. Concomitantly, you will see a decrease in the count of White race in years 2000 and 2010 (and therefore an increase in White rates that use population denominators in those 2 years).

Note: Rates for years prior to year 2000 use population estimates for the denominator that adhere to a different Federal standard for race: White, Black, Asian or Other Pacific Islander, American Indian and Alaska Native. So, unlike years 2000 and after, Multiracial is not included. Also, Asian by itself is not available because it was grouped with Pacific Islander (After 1999 Asian is separate from Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander).

Rates that use Census Population Estimates in the denominator are not calculated when a selected race is not available in the denominator, or zero.

Nevertheless, selections available in OASIS' Race query box reflect the 1997 Race classifications described above. Most of the numerators used in indicators in Oasis *do* have the year 2000 race selections. Therefore, selections of multiple years that span <2000 and 2000+ will return a *number(count)* for all race selections, but the *rates* may be limited by the change in racial classifications the federal government used as noted above. In these cases you will see NA1 in the output cell (NA1 therefore by definition will only show up in rates for the years before 2000).

In some cases, the numerator's race classification may be more precise, or up to date, than the Census population estimate counterpart used in the denominator. You may find that there are a number of births of a given race for a county/age-group selection, but no count of population estimated for the denominator. In such cases where the race selection was available for both the numerator and the denominator, but the denominator's estimate was zero, you will see a NA2. If the numerator was greater than the denominator, but the denominator was > 0, you will see a NA3 returned.
Non-Rural
Any county with 35,000 or more total population per year 2000 Census.
Rural
Any county with less than 35,000 total population per year 2000 Census.
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V2.5 (12/01/2011)